Thomas j



(No Model.)

T J. DENNIS. Kerosene Air Warmer.

No. 234,117. 4 Patented Nov. 9, 1880..

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS J. DENNIS, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

KEFOSENE .AlR-WARMER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 234,117, dated November 9, 1880.

Application filed July 13, 1880. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, THOMAS J. Dream, a citizen of the United States,'residin g at Newark, in the county of Essex, in New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Improvementin Kerosene Air-Warmers, of which the following is a description.

My invention relates to a device for warming air by the use of a kerosene lamp or lamps; and it consists in combining therewith an airchamber of special construction, for the purpose of promoting a flow of cold air to the chamber and a flow of hot air away from the chamber in any desired direction.

The drawings consist of nine figures, Figure 1 being a perspective view of the stove, with the front side broken away to show the heating-pipes D. .Fig. 2 is a section on line a; m, Fig. 5. Fig. 3 is a section 011 line 2 2, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is an end elevation with the airchamber A tipped up to trim the wicks. Fig. 5 is a plan of the heater shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a plan of the reservoir and its packing m. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on line y y in Fig. 2. Fig. Sis a plan of the draft-plate f, and Fig. 9 is a plan of the ribs in the reservoir.

A is the air-chamber, provided with cold-air inlet 13 and hot-air outlet 0. are the heating-pipes, extending from the bottom plate, 01, of the air chamber to the connector a, which is a closed box, except where the pipes enter it, and the smoke escapes by the smoke-pipe 8. An air-space, 0, extends all around the sides and top of box a, so that the air admitted to chamber A by inlet B may prevent excessive heat from reaching the top of the hot-air chamber. A similar space, 0, exists between the pipes D and at their sides, to afford the greatest amount of contact with the air to be heated. b b are the burner-tubes; i, the cones over them, secured in the pipes D at the bottom of the chamber. (Marked d.) f is the draftplate, made of netting or perforated metal, and

.strengthened by a heavy border, at. Holes 1) are provided in the plate f, to lit the tubes 1) when the plate is laid over the reservoir upon studs provided for the purpose. j is the burner-regulator, and g a ventilating and filling tube. This is made to extend some distance above the oil in the reservoir, and is perforated at h for the escape of gas. 7c 70 are the hinges uniting the chamber A to the reservoir r, and fastenings may also be used, if desired.

In Fig. 7 is shown the method adopted to extend the circulation of the air about the heating-pipes D.

Deflectors lmay be secured to the sides of the chamber A, and the space 0 between the pipes may be closed by a plate, t. The air entering at B will then have to divide into two currents, which are again united by the deflectors l after they have surrounded the first pipes, D, and are again divided by the second pair of pipes, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 7.

The arrows in Fig. 2 indicate that the air is also at liberty to rise upon entering the chamber A, to circulate over the top of the boxconnector to.

In Fig. 9 are shown arrangements of ribs about the wicks w in the reservoir, some being placed in one direction and some in another, the oil being permitted to circulate freely in all parts of the reservoir, but prevented from any sudden movement when the car is violently jarred.

From the above description it will be seen that the air is thoroughly divided in passing through the chamber A, and is therefore heated to the utmost advantage by the pipes D, which must necessarily be made very short say seven inchesto adapt the stove to sit under a car-seat, when the free space is but fourteen or fifteen inches high. For this reason the hot-air outlet is preferably made horizontal, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5, and may then be closed at its outer end and be perforated with holes, as at u a in Fig. 5, upon either the upper or lower side, and the hot air thus agreeably diffused.

To aid in regulating the flame an isinglass sheet is secured in each of the pipes D on the side toward the middle of the chamber A and a similar panel in the outside shell, as at '0 in Fig. 5, will then afford aview of all thelights. The spot marked '11 is in the part broken away from Fig. 1, and does not therefore appear in that figure.

The smoke-pipe S is shown conducted from the box a through the wall of the chamber A, and it may be carried thence in any desired direction, and have a damper placed in it to prevent the wind from acting upon the draft too freely. A damper, d, is also shown inserted in the outlet C in Fig. l to regulate the discharge of the hot air. The packing or nonconductor placed over the top of the reservoir cannot be of a fluid character by reason of the great jars to which it is subjected in a horse-car, and I therefore use an asbestos packing, m, or some other of equal solidity of such as are in common use.

Apertures a are shown in Figs. 1 and 4 to admit air to the burners.

From the statements above it will appear that my invention is especially adapted for heating horse-cars, as it is so very compact and easily regulated, the tire being started readily at any time,and put out with equal facility.

If employed for other purposes, the hot-air outlet need not necessarily be carried horizontally, but may be extended upward, as shown in Fig. 1. It may then be allowed to discharge its hot air near the heater, or be arranged to conduct it to some more distant point.

I am aware that it is not new to make an air-chamber with inlet and outlet passages, as all heating-stoves and furnaces necessarily require such an arrangement; but the essen tial featurein my invention is the construc' tion and arrangement of the heating-tubes D and connector a inside such a heating-chamber and the means for carrying ofi' the products of combustion without any leak or escape of gas into the hot-air chamber A, such escape being very oflensire by reason of its odor, and my construction being the only one wherein any air-heating chamber isthns com bined with burners and close or air-tight heating-pipes.

My invention thus affords a practical mode of heating pure air by the use of oil without imparting any offensive odor to the heated air or losing too great a proportion of the heat by escape from the chimney of the hot gases before their heat has been abstracted.

In such inventions as A. 0. Goodells patcut, No. 192,067, issued June 19, 1877, the products of combustion are conducted a long distance through a metallic flue, that their heat may be extracted from them fully; but in this and similar inventions no provision is made for leading a current of air into contact with the hot flue, and if arranged under the seat of a vehicle there is little or no tendency to form the circulation required to diffuse the heat produced, so that the eifects of the heater are limited to the immediate vicinity of the hot flue.

M y invention diii'ers from all such constructions in utilizing the chief hydrocarbon oil, which requires a strong draft, to secure perfect combustion; in placing the necessarilyshort flues inside an air-chamber, and in arranging the air-passages so that the utmost proportion of heat may be abstracted from the smoke-fines without impairing the draft. It is thus plain that while other lamp-stoves warm an apartment, either by discharging the burned gases directly into the air or by radiating heat from a hot surface directly into the apartment, mine operates by primarily heatinga continuous current of air, which is afterward employed as the agent of warming.

Instead of depending upon an accidental circulation of air in contact with my heating devices, I construct an efficient arrangement of the heating-surfaces and secure a positive flow of the hot air away from them to any desired point.

Having thus stated the essential features of my invention and pointed out its difference from previous lamp-stovemwherein the ofi'ensive gases are often discharged in company with the hot air, or in which the pure air is not afforded extended channels for circulationin contact with the hot surfaces, I I 

